2012年AP力学（选择题+简答题）真题及答案下载（PDF）

2012年AP力学（选择题+简答题）真题及答案下载（PDF）

以下为2012年AP力学真题选择题部分：

Questions 1-2

A ball is struck at time t = 0 and follows the parabolic path shown in the diagram above. The following graphs show quantities possibly associated with the motion as a function of time t. Assume that air resistance is negligible and that the positive directions are upward and to the right.

1. Which graph represents the horizontal component of the velocity of the ball?

2. Which graph represents the vertical component of the velocity of the ball?

3. An object with initial velocity v₀, as shown above, slides up and then down a long, frictionless, inclined plane. Which of the following is true of the object as it moves?

(A) It has a constant acceleration while moving up the plane and a greater acceleration when moving down the plane.

(B) It has a constant acceleration while moving up the plane and a smaller acceleration when moving down the plane.

(C) It moves with a constant velocity both up and down the plane.

(D) It has the same acceleration as it moves up and down the plane.

(E) It has a continually varying acceleration as it moves up and down the plane.

4. Two blocks of masses m₁ and m₂ are connected by a massless string that passes over a wheel of mass m, as shown above. The string does not slip on the wheel and exerts forces T₁ and T₂ on the blocks. When the wheel is released from rest in the position shown, it undergoes an angular acceleration and rotates clockwise. Which of the following statements about T₁ and T₂ is correct?

(A) T₁ = T₂ because the wheel has mass.

(B) T₁ = T₂ because both blocks have the same acceleration.

(C) T₁ > T₂ because m1 is farther from the wheel than m2.

(D) T₁ > T₂ because m1 accelerates upward.

(E) T₂ > T₁ because an unbalanced clockwise torque is needed to accelerate the wheel clockwise.

5. Three objects are located along the x-axis as shown above. The center of mass of the objects is at x =

(A) 1.0 m

(B) 1.5 m

(C) 2.0 m

(D) 2.5 m

(E) 3.0 m

6. Which of the following is equivalent to a unit of momentum?

(A) Joule

(B) Newton

(C) Joule • second

(D) Newton • second

(E) Newton • meter

7. Two objects are dropped from rest from the same height. Object A falls through a distance d_A during a time t, and object B falls through a distance d_B during a time 2t. If air resistance is negligible, what is the relationship between d_A and d_B ?

(A)d_A=1/4d_B

(B)d_A=1/2d_B

(C)d_A=2d_B

(D)d_A=4d_B

(E) It cannot be determined from the information given.

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2012年AP力学真题简答题部分：

Mech. 1. Experiment 1. A block of mass 0.30 kg is placed on a frictionless table and is attached to one end of a horizontal spring of spring constant k, as shown above. The other end of the spring is attached to a fixed wall. The block is set into oscillatory motion by stretching the spring and releasing the block from rest at time t = 0. A motion detector is used to record the position of the block as it oscillates. The resulting graph of velocity u versus time t is shown below. The positive direction for all quantities is to the right.

(a) Determine the equation for u(t) , including numerical values for all constants.

(b) Given that the equilibrium position is at x = 0 , determine the equation for x(t), including numerical values for all constants.

(c) Calculate the value of k.

Experiment 2. The block and spring arrangement is now placed on a rough surface, as shown below. The block is displaced so that the spring is compressed a distance d and released from rest.

(d) On the dots below that represent the block, draw and label the forces (not components) that act on the block when the spring is compressed a distance x = d/2 and the block is moving in the direction indicated below each dot.

(e) Draw a sketch of u versus t in this case. Assume that there is a negligible change in the period and that the positive direction is still to the right.

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